Ocean Ecosystem

In Vietnam, nowadays, Marine ocean is polluted by waste from industrial activities , agriculture and aquaculture , domestic waste. Should sediment quality , seabed habitats of many species of benthic pollution and excessive prescribed by most of the international standards ... And should implement solutions to ensure uniform protection and sustainable development of this ecosystem.

In specific, 1943s Vietnam has over 408 500 hectares of mangroves , then by 2006s only 209,741 hectares of plantations and mostly new. Mangrove loss is the loss of spawning fish species , loss of habitat for migratory waterbirds, anti- alkaline chemistry, prevent erosion and limit the harmful effects of flooding, tidal intensity.

I found some solutions maybe it can work if the government more focus or I mean concentrate that a little bit. Just need a little bit maybe it can improve. Like strengthening the construction, improvement of legal system to the rational exploitation of natural resources and protecting the environment, promoting sustainable development of marine ocean. Overcoming pollution and serious environmental degradation and enhance the control and prevention of marine pollution sources. Finally, if someone try to harm the marine ocean they have to pay for it by laws of government.

And if you keep your marine ocean clean, everybody in the world will travel to your country. From that, the finance of your country will be rich and can shared for anybody especially to you.

GENDER EQUALITY

Gender equality is the male , female position , equal role , is to create conditions and opportunities to promote their capacities for the development of community , of family . Men and women have the right to equally enjoy all aspects of political , economic , cultural , social and family.

You can image the gender equality like the picture above. For solutions, I have four factor for that, that have to be solutions for all of us. Gender equality not for especially woman, I think it's for all of us, one word, human. First solution: strengthening advocacy, education, gender issues, gender equality in the family. See the implementation of gender equality is a long-term task and requires coordination of the whole society. Since then, every good sense of the issue of gender equality in the family. Responsibility for gender equality is not only the responsibility of each individual, which is the responsibility of each family and society; is an important foundation to build families "prosperity, equality, progress and happiness". Next solution: Creating favorable conditions for each woman and self-consciously strive, free themselves; constantly trying to improve their knowledge of learning to assert the role, for their place in the family and in society. Next solution: To promote scientific education in the school systems in the world (especially secondary schools), to help teenagers aware of gender issues and gender equality a fundamental and systematic; help them aware of their responsibilities in building a future marriage. Final solution: Improving literacy levels, strengthen the role of family and gender equality. Continue to improve the legal system for gender equality. Uncompromising struggle eliminate family violence. The family is the cell of society, each member of the family to be equal, mutual respect, the social justice and civilization.

To obtain sustainable gender equality in society must start from within each family. Good implementation of gender equality in the family are effective measures to build a prosperous society, equality, progress and happiness.

Tobacco Use

Tobacco addiction is a dependence , must constantly think about smoking . Tobacco addiction is understood simply as the complete loss of freedom to say no to tobacco . Smokers can not " forget " smoking , the opposite is forced to suck if you will be feeling "hungry" drugs . Tobacco forced addicts to suck each month and even each year, to smoke even when diseases caused by tobacco : oxygen therapy for respiratory failure , leg amputation because of lower limb occlusion . Smokers appear as a result of neuropsychiatric effects due to drug induced nicotine .

And you can see the picture below show how tobacco use effect to your healthy.

Not only that, also effect to home economic and national economic.

And  tobacco kills half of its users . Half of these deaths in middle age . On an average day in the world with 10,000 people die from tobacco use , equivalent to 10 large passenger aircraft accidents each day . In Vietnam, 50% of men and 3.4% of women smoke. 26 % young people aged 15-24 smoke. Over 40% of male health workers and 1.3% of female health workers smoke. Without timely intervention , 10% of Vietnam's population of about five million means that the Vietnam will die prematurely due to smoking . According to estimates by the World Health Organization , 2020 of the Vietnam died from tobacco use will be more than the number of deaths due to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis ,traffic accidents and suicides combined!

Based on http://247wallst.com/special-report/2012/11/01/the-countries-with-the-heaviest-smokers/2/ I found that top 10 countries where people use the most tobacco.

10. Slovakia

> Pct. adults that smoke: 30.5%
> Pct. men that smoke: 40.8% (32nd highest)
> Pct. women that smoke: 23.0% (15th highest)
> Per capita cigarette consumption: 1,403 cigarettes (23rd highest)
> Cigarette prices per pack: $3.66 (30th highest)

9. Turkey

> Pct. adults that smoke: 31.2%
> Pct. men that smoke: 47.9% (16th highest)
> Pct. women that smoke: 15.2% (31st highest)
> Per capita cigarette consumption: 1,399 cigarettes (24th highest)
> Cigarette prices per pack: $4.38 (22nd highest)
8.  Romania
> Pct. adults that smoke: 32.4%
> Pct. men that smoke: 40.3% (34th highest)
> Pct. women that smoke: 25.1% (11th highest)
> Per capita cigarette consumption: 1,404 cigarettes (22nd highest)
> Cigarette prices per pack: $3.79 (29th highest)

7. Czech Republic

> Pct. adults that smoke: 36.3%
> Pct. men that smoke:42.5% (tied for 28th highest)
> Pct. women that smoke: 30.1% (5th highest)
> Per capita cigarette consumption: 2,125 cigarettes (7th highest)
> Cigarette prices per pack: $4.33 (23rd highest)

6. Hungary
> Pct. adults that smoke: 36.5%
> Pct. men that smoke:  42.5% (tied-28th highest)
> Pct. women that smoke: 31.3% (4th highest)
> Per capita cigarette consumption: 1,518 cigarettes (18th highest)
> Cigarette prices per pack: $3.56 (32nd highest)

5. Bulgaria 

> Pct. adults that smoke: 38.8%
> Pct. men that smoke: 50.3% (10th highest)
> Pct. women that smoke: 28.2% (6th highest)
> Per capita cigarette consumption: 2,822 cigarettes (2nd highest)
> Cigarette prices per pack: $3.29 (34th highest)
4. Russian Federation 
> Pct. adults that smoke: 39.1%

> Pct. men that smoke: 60.2% (3rd highest)

> Pct. women that smoke: 21.7% (20th highest)

> Per capita cigarette consumption: 2,786 cigarettes 

(4th highest)

> Cigarette prices per pack: $1.74 (34th lowest)
3. Chile
> Pct. adults that smoke: 40.6%

> Pct. men that smoke: 44.2% (25th highest)

> Pct. women that smoke: 37.1% (3rd highest)

> Per capita cigarette consumption: 860 cigarettes (40th 

highest)

> Cigarette prices per pack: $3.80 (28th highest)

2. Papua New Guinea

> Pct. adults that smoke: 44.0%

> Pct. men that smoke: 60.3% (2nd highest)

> Pct. women that smoke: 27.0% (7th highest)

> Per capita cigarette consumption: 670 cigarettes (51st highest)

> Cigarette prices per pack: $4.86(20th highest)

1. Austria
> Pct. adults that smoke: 47.0%

> Pct. men that smoke: 48.0%(15th highest)

> Pct. women that smoke: 47.0(the highest)

> Per capita cigarette consumption: 1,650 cigarettes (15th highest)

> Cigarette prices per pack: $6.20 (14th highest)

Finally, I found some solutions : Chewing gum : gum containing nicotine replacement and descending, to help patients get rid of the symptoms caused by lack of nicotine if suddenly stopping smoking , acupuncture , traditional Medicine Drugs , exercise : ayurvedic methods , meditation , yoga psychotherapy.

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Domestic violence is the act of violence between the members in the family. The most common violent behavior between husband and wife, parent and child.

-Domestic violence can be:

+Physical abuse ( Hitting, slapping, shoving, grabbing, pinching, biting, hair pulling )

+Sexual abuse (Forcing someone any sexual contact without permission)

+Emotional ( Undermining an individual’s sense of self-worth, self-esteem )

+Economic ( Make an individual financially dependent by maintaining total control over financial resource )

This is interesting facts you should know.

-Every 9 seconds in the US a woman is assaulted or beaten.

-1 in 4 women will experience domestic violence during her lifetime.

-More than 60% of domestic violence incidents happen at home.

And two main reasons for it :

-Gender inequality : In the family , women have position and power not equal to men , do not have the right to participate in decisions. That making the men think they all right to hit the women or domestic violence.

-Difficulty about economic: Because the difficulty always create the pressure, stress, deadlock to member in family, so easy to have some conflicts and disputes if you can not solve the problem.

Moreover, the effects also really bad.

Health: + Physically : Being structure scratches , abrasions , bruises (88.9%) , torn eardrum , damage eye injuries ( 12.9 % ) and 7.3 % had been injured by the deep and long cuts. And moreover, that effect to fertility, the woman who always being domestic violence can be miscarriage, get into AIDs or HIV also.

+ Mentally : effect to psychology, emotionally of victim, many victims have to quit their job because of shy, hurt, and sick.

In India , every year over5,000women were killed by their husbands because of the dowry that is not enough . In Bangladesh, according to murder wife for 50 % of the murders . Thus, domestic violence was a serious violation of the right to life of the woman.

Solutions of domestic violence are should focus on the dissemination , education and family counseling as well the mediation , against social evils. How well the propaganda will help change perceptions and behaviors in family behavior , which gradually eliminate domestic violence. Communication activities should indicate the cause of domestic violence is gender inequality , is thinking ' gender prejudice ' , distinguished status and role of women and men in the family. Construction of the family institution is considered a sustainable solution to prevent internal resources of domestic violence .

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ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

I think energy and environment relate to each other. Based on my research they said " Energy & Environment (E&E) is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the direct and indirect environmental impacts of energy acquisition, transport, production and use" It's easy to understand but we need to know what environment is and what energy is. Energy is something ability to do work, energy has two types : physics (kinetic, potential, chemical, thermal) and use of energy (renewable and nonrenewable). The nonrenewable still can used because it's cheap and provides a lot of energy.

I found some facts about renewable energy :

About 16% of our total energy comes from a renewable source.

More than half of the renewable energy we use comes from biomass.

A wind turbine converts wind into electricity and the largest one is 20 stories tall.

A wind turbine is so powerful that just one can provide electricity for up to 300 homes at the same time.

The use of renewable energy is not a new technique and some forms have been used for over 2,000 years.

Water is the most commonly used source of renewable energy.

The sun, another source of renewable energy, provides enough energy every hour to provide power for the whole world for an entire year.

The silicon in sand can be used to produce forms of electricity.

Some people believe that by the year 2050, we will have enough renewable energy to meet 95% of our energy needs.

Biodiesel is a type of fuel made from biomass such as vegetable oil and animal fats.

Geothermal energy comes from heat stored deep within the Earth.

The majority of renewable energy is used as a source of electricity.

The more renewable energy we use, the less fossil fuels are needed.

We currently are not able to use more renewable energy sources because typically renewable energy is more expensive to produce than nonrenewable sources.

Renewable energy is also called clean energy because it does not produce pollution.

There are some nonrenewable energy : natural gas, oil, coal, uranium,

You should turn off the all electronic thing when you're not use that, double check to turn off water when you finish. Finally, you should use the wind outside instead of air-condition.

http://www.softschools.com/facts/energy/renewable_energy_facts/399/